Top Ten Most Challenged Books

The banner reads, "Banned Books Week Oct. 5-11, 2025, Censorship is so 1984. Read for your Rights," with the word "censorship" crossed out in red.

The Top 10 Most Challenged Books of 2025 list is available now on the ALA website.

The American Library Association condemns censorship and works to defend each person’s right to read under the First Amendment and to ensure free access to information. Every year, ALA’s Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) compiles a list of the Top 10 Most Challenged Books in order to inform the public about censorship in libraries and schools. The lists are based on information from confidential reports filed by library professionals and community members, as well as news stories published throughout the United States.

Because many book challenges are not reported to the ALA or covered by the press, the data compiled by ALA represent only a snapshot of censorship attempts in libraries.

The 2024 data reported to ALA’s Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) shows that the majority of book censorship attempts are now originating from organized movements. Pressure groups and government entities that include elected officials, board members and administrators initiated 72% of demands to censor books in school and public libraries. Parents only accounted for 16% of demands to censor books, while 5% of challenges were brought by individual library users. The 120 titles most frequently targeted for censorship during 2024 are all identified on partisan book rating sites, which provide tools for activists to demand the censorship of library books.

The most common justifications for censorship provided by complainants were false claims of illegal obscenity for minors; inclusion of LGBTQIA+ characters or themes; and covering topics of race, racism, equity, and social justice.

Since 2021, ALA has tracked a sharp spike in censorship attempts in libraries. In 2024, ALA recorded the third highest number of book challenges since tracking began in 1990: ALA documented 821 attempts to censor library books and other materials in 2024 across all library types, a decrease from 2023, when a record high 1,247 attempts were reported. ALA recorded attempts to remove 2,452 unique titles in 2024, which significantly exceeds the average of 273 unique titles that were challenged annually during 2001–2020.

Looking for the most challenged books from previous years? Check out the Top 10 Most Challenged Books Archive for lists and data going back to 2001, as well as the 100 most challenged books of past decades.

Celebrating Book Clubs

A group of folks from the Noontime Book Club stand on the steps at Central holding books in front of their faces, with one person holding a clock set to twelve o'clock.

by Emily B.

One of the best parts of working at the library is getting to talk about books. So, naturally, I was excited to be asked to co-facilitate the virtual book club Eclectic Evenings a few years ago. I quickly discovered how much we learn, not only from the books, but from each other. Piyali, facilitator of the Global Reads and Light but Not Fluffy book groups at our Miller Branch, sums up the magic of book clubs well: “It always amazes me to see how book clubs become a safe space for sharing life’s experiences… Although we meet once a month, it always seems like a reunion of friends. It is a beautiful feeling.”
In our modern world where thousands of books are immediately available (thanks to apps like Libby), perhaps it feels a little radical to join a book club. Sure, it can seem like a time commitment — but think of it more as a commitment to lifelong learning, broadening literary horizons, and connecting with fellow readers. One book club member comments, “books are great learning opportunities for me. They open up my world.”

The opportunity to read outside your comfort zone is often fruitful. Shana says, “One of my favorite things about this book club [Books on Tap] is that it has introduced me to books and authors I probably would not have found on my own.” Even if every book isn’t your cup of tea, it can lead to compelling discussions or a new perspective. Sahana, who facilitates Between the Lines: An Intersectional Book Club, comments that one of their favorite aspects of book groups is hearing the refrain “I wouldn’t have read this if not for book club, and I really liked it!”

At HCLS, book clubs come in all shapes and sizes. Some meet in-person at the library or in the community, others virtually. Many feature a wide array of genres and topics while others carve out their own niche, focusing on graphic novels, music, or sci-fi and fantasy. There’s something for every reader.
For those who want to connect with other readers without the worry of assigned reading, consider Miller’s What’s on your Shelf?. Julie, one of the facilitators, says, “even though we’re not all reading the same book each month, we always learn so much and have a fabulous time.”

In our busy, stressful lives a book club can be a respite from the chaos, and a chance to reflect and grow in a supportive environment. A member of a handful of HCLS book discussion groups, Ellen remarks, “It’s amazing how deep a conversation you can have with people you only see once a month and with whom your primary shared interest is reading.”

The book cover photo shows a rural two-lane road extending past corn fields and a fence, with blue mountains in the distance.

Members of HCLS staff-led book clubs recommend some of their favorite reads:

American Ramble: A Walk of Memory and Renewal by Neil King: Because it made me look at trees differently. It brought me peace and joy in the ordinary.

A Long Way to a Small Angry Planet by Becky Chambers: For a book mostly about aliens, it had such introspective tidbits about humanity.

Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel: The book club opened my eyes to the fun of reading dystopian novels, fantasy, and other genres that I would never have selected myself.

This Tender Land by William Kent Krueger: It’s a heartbreaking yet heartwarming story of four runaway orphans.

The Mountains Sing by Nguyen Phan Que Mai: This is an historical fiction set in Vietnam. I learned about the history and culture of Vietnam as it follows the Tran family.

Trust by Hernan Diaz: I’ve never read a book like it before. It features four distinct books within a book, lots of twists and reveals that build on each other.

The Wager: A Tale of Shipwreck, Mutiny and Murder by David Grann: It was well researched and well written. Everyone in our group loved it.

Visit the HCLS classes and events calendar to learn more about book club discussion opportunities at any branch and out in the community!

Emily is an Instructor & Research Specialist at HCLS Central Branch. When she’s not reading, she enjoys puzzling, listening to music, and re-watching old seasons of Survivor.

Agatha Christie in the English Countryside

by Sahana C.

Like any self-respecting book nerd, I can only go on vacation if I have at least five books ready and on hand at any time. This was trouble when I was younger, before e-books and e-audiobooks, with backpacks and suitcases full to the brim with tomes. My worst-case scenario was always that I would run out of things to read.  

I went on vacation around Britain recently, and, as is my wont, brought eight different novels with me in various formats. Sure, I brought a few too many physical books, and yes, maybe I bought a book or two on the trip to weigh down my backpack. I felt adequately prepared, as I was taking train rides through the English countryside and knew that I would want to embody the aesthetic of reading whatever I had in hand, only to look up at rolling fields dotted with sheep, old worn walls of stacked rocks dividing the endless green into pastures.  

As always happens on vacation, though… I felt a craving. I was on a train. In England. Arguably there was only one author who could scratch the itch. I had read Murder on the Orient Express too recently and watched the movie even more recently, so I went onto Libby to see if anything was “Available Now” and found one of my all-time favorite Agatha Christie mysteries: And Then There Were None.  

I had read the book before, but not for years, and I was immediately immersed in the atmospheric gloom hanging over the description of the story’s central island. I arrived in Oxford, and while the day was gloriously sunny, the evening became overcast. As I curled into bed, I fell into the world of the ten main characters, each with something devious and criminal to hide, from Vera Claythorne to Phillip Lombard to Justice Wargrave. It took me two and a half hours to tear through the thriller, which gets the ball rolling early and never allows the momentum to stop.  

The original title of the book and the changes made to it have a history that has to be acknowledged as racist and problematic. There was no reason to include racism in the novel, especially such casual racism. The nursery rhyme that is the basis for the novel is a disappointing reflection of our history. But this book, plot-wise, is an impressive example of Christie’s talent, ability, and intellect. This is the locked room mystery to end all locked room mysteries, one that is nigh impossible for the reader to solve all the way through because of the masterclass in subjective narrators.  

It was a delight to read Christie as an American in England for the first time, to sit on a train as it trundled by coastlines that Christie took care to describe herself. I’d suggest, for others interested in what books to read as they travel: let the trip inform you. Give your surroundings a chance to suggest a good book or two. There’s nothing better than recognizing the view in front of you in the book you’re holding.  

And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie is available to borrow in print, e-book, e-audiobook and audio on CD. There are also two ways to watch adaptations, a recent TV series and a classic movie.

Sahana is the Communications Strategist at HCLS. They enjoy adding books to their “want to read” list despite having a mountain of books waiting for them already.

AAPI Month & Visual Storytelling

by Ian L-F

As we celebrate the library as a space of learning and community, and honor AAPI Month as a time to uplift Asian voices and stories, it is worth asking: what makes something literature? The shape of the story, the seriousness of its tone, its prestige? Or is it about seeing something deeper, something about the world or the human condition? Across corners of every continent, stories take shape in countless forms: in prose, poetry, images, screens, and panels.

Perhaps, literature isn’t defined by medium or legacy. It’s shaped by how we engage with a work. When we treat literariness as something a reader brings to the page, not something a story inherently owns, we begin to find meaning in places we’ve often overlooked, like one of those Japanese comic books you might find in the teen section.

Manga is Japanese graphic storytelling that pairs image and text across serialized chapters. It continues a long East Asian tradition of visual storytelling. Its reach, however, is global. Manga is a major literary and commercial force in France, a cultural touchstone across Latin America, and a stylistic influence on everything from fashion to hip-hop. Its narratives, aesthetics, and emotional tones have shaped how stories are told, and who gets to see themselves in them.

One vivid examples can be found in One Piece by Eiichiro Oda. What begins as a chaotic pirate adventure becomes a vast meditation on justice, memory, and history. The series offers a reminder that joy can be defiant, and freedom contagious. Manga’s depth doesn’t end with epics. Nana by Ai Yazawa offers a raw portrayal of friendship and identity, or Goodnight Punpun by Inio Asano, a surreal coming-of-age spiral, shows how the medium holds hope, loss, and emotional complexity with equal grace. These stories speak to something real and something human, but we need to be willing to listen.

You can find them all at the library — where stories of every kind wait side by side, ready to be read with curiosity, care, and imagination.

History of Comics in Asia
Tue, May 6 | 7:30 – 8:30 pm
HCLS Savage Branch
For adults.
Explore the world of comics new and old! East Asian comics have exploded in popularity and dominate today’s reading environment. Whether you’ve read them all or have never picked one up, learn about their history before getting a chance to draw your own.

Ian Lyness-Fernandez is not quite used to being Instructor at the East Columbia Branch. He hopes his passion for learning can somehow translate into a skill for teaching.

National Library Week: Graphic Novels for Kids

National Library Week Poster shows four different, common scenarios at the library: reading, talking at the desk, using a sewing machine from the library of things, and someone drawing.

by Jean B.

What draws you into the library? Comfortable chairs and aisles of tall shelves, packed with interesting titles? Classes where you can learn or socialize? Play areas for children?

Libraries serve many needs these days and offer access to all kinds of media – not just the weighty tomes of classic literature. For many of our school-age customers, it’s the graphic novels that draw them in. Dogman to Batman, Smile and Guts – these titles possess a magnetic power to pull kids into the library, sometimes to the chagrin of their grown-ups. They ask: “Are graphic novels real reading, if they’re filled with pictures?”

This year’s theme and its honorary chairs, cartoonists Raina Telgemeier and Scott McCloud, affirm the value and power of these stories told through comic-strip panels. In recent years, graphic novels and their creators have received the highest honors in children’s literature, recognizing their artistry as well as the many benefits these books bring to young readers in building literacy.

Reading specialists stress the importance of motivation for a child’s success in learning to read. Kids need to be interested in the stories presented to them to do the work of reading. So if Dogman gets them to keep reading, it’s just as valuable as a classic! For those who may have fallen behind early in the reading process and lost confidence, graphic novels can restore their motivation. The images are appealing, the word bubbles less intimidating than full pages of text, and children can be successful without feeling the books are “beneath them.”

Graphic novels also teach children how to integrate text and visual literacy — an essential skill in today’s multi-modal landscape. When kids tackle a website, advertisement, or YouTube instructional video, they need to absorb both images and text to decipher meaning. That is the world we all now live in, and careful reading of a great graphic novel sharpens this important skill.

At Central Branch, the graphic novel collection literally creates the gateway for entering the children’s department. But in a much broader sense, graphic novels offer a gateway to the vast variety of books and materials readers will find in the library. Once DRAWN IN to reading, the discoveries and stories are limitless!

The cover shades from dark orange at the top to a light orange at the bottom, with two kids sitting tailor fashion. The one on the left has a book open, with swirls of a sprite sketch coming from the pages.

Celebrate National Library Week by exploring some of these award-winning graphic novels, all based on real experiences:
El Deafo by Cece Bell
New Kid by Jerry Craft
Mexikid by Pedro Martin
Stargazing by Jen Wang.

Jean is a Children’s Instructor and Research Specialist at HCLS Central Branch. She loves talking about books with people of all ages, but especially enjoys leading the Heavy Medals book club for fourth and fifth graders, exploring award-winning books of all genres. 

National Library Week 2025

During National Library Week we celebrate the many roles libraries play in their communities. We are hubs for preschoolers attending classes and learning skills to prepare for kindergarten, teens working on homework and looking for places to belong, new Americans learning English, immigrants studying to take the U.S. Citizenship exam, parents and seniors looking for connections, veterans working through trauma, and community members seeking to broaden their perspectives. 

This year’s National Library Week is more poignant than ever. With the dismantling of the Institute of Museum and Library Services, many libraries who depend on federal funding will be forced to shut their doors. In Maryland, federal grants fund statewide programming, innovative training, librarian certifications, operating costs, and other expenses. Libraries use federal funds to provide access to the internet, create new and novel programs for a range of interests, and train staff.  

In Howard County, we are fortunate that our community places a high value on libraries. While the portions of our budget that will be affected are still uncertain, we remain committed to the three key focus areas identified in our strategic plan released last year: 

  • All children enter school ready to learn, with emphasis on ages birth to 3; 
  • Teens and young adults feel a sense of agency and belonging, and 
  • An inclusive, connected community where everyone feels they belong.  

Through community meetings, surveys, and interviews, you told us these were important, and we intend to continue addressing them no matter what happens at the federal level. 

For 85 years we have enjoyed broad support from you, our community. And with your continued support, we will be here for another 85 years – and more! 

We look forward to seeing you in our branches this week as we celebrate National Library Week and the critical work we do with our community. 

Sincerely, 

Tonya Aikens
President & CEO
Howard County Library System

New Year, New Adventures

A round ornament shape, studded with multi-colored lights, reads Happy New Year - 2025 all in pink.

by Sahana C.

As we flip our calendars to the new year, we set goals for ourselves, knowingly or unknowingly. Maybe this is the year we decide to learn to sew, or we plan a dream vacation to somewhere where people speak a different language. Whether you’re dreaming of picking up a new hobby, improving your skills, or simply finding more time for yourself, the library can help you make those resolutions stick. No matter your goal, there are more than a few ways Howard County Library System can be a part of your “something new” this year.

A Linked In Learning ad that shows a person standing by a desk, with a calendar and a clock behind them, and a dog under the desk. It reads: 1: Set a learning goal. 2. Creat a plan. 3. Knock it out of the park!

Ready to master the art of sourdough, learn Spanish, or tackle coding? Our online resources have you covered. With platforms like LinkedIn Learning, Mango Languages, and Gale Courses, you can dive into everything from baking to business analytics — at your own pace and for free!

If moving more is on your list, we’ve got tools to keep you motivated. Check out our collection of fitness books, yoga DVDs, and meditation guides for some free inspiration. Or, stream workout videos through digital resources like Hoopla and Kanopy.l

Maybe you’ve resolved to read more this year (or just read at all). Our monthly book clubs, personalized recommendations from your friendly local librarians, decorated displays, and endless supply of audiobooks, eBooks, and physical titles are great places to start.

Or, perhaps, you want to figure out what’s going on with all this tech. Digital devices can help you work smarter, not harder, but learning them takes time. Our classes on topics like 3D printing, social media, and generative AI will make you feel like a tech pro in no time, and if you want to start at an intro level, you can book time with one of our incredible instructors for a tech one-on-one.

It’s not just about the goals you set — it’s about the people you meet along the way. Whether you’re attending a craft workshop, exploring local history, or seeing us out in the community, you’ll find spaces to connect and share your journey.

At the library, we believe every year is a chance to grow, create, and connect. No matter what your resolution looks like, we’re ready to help you turn “I’ll try” into “I did it!” Visit your local branch or explore our website to get started. We can’t wait to see what you achieve this year!

An old fashioned wooden signpost with arrows reads Get Uncomfortable or Change Course. A desert highway appears in the background.

Set Up Your Business for Success
For adults. Register now.
Kelvin Abrams, author of Get Uncomfortable or Change Course: Understanding What It Takes to Be an Entrepreneur, helps new and aspiring entrepreneurs learn what it takes to run a small business, providing solid advice to achieve their goals and be more successful. A powerful storyteller, Kelvin draws on his experience and uses a variety of insightful anecdotes to share his message. He explains the need to get creative in the face of change, the importance of a solid business plan, how to hire employees, how to work with banks, and more.
Mon, Jan 13 | 6 – 7:30 pm
HCLS East Columbia Branch

Sahana is an Instructor and Research Specialist at HCLS Savage Branch. They enjoy adding books to their “want to read” list despite having a mountain of books waiting for them already.

Finding Community and Connection at the Library

An older woman in a striped shirt helps a younger woman start a crochet project with yellow yarn.
Participants gather at HCLS Central Branch for an ongoing class focusing on knitting and needlepoint.

by Emily B.

These days, it seems more difficult than ever to find your community and make genuine connections. Over the past four years, the pandemic has re-shaped our lives. The way that we live, communicate, and connect has changed. These rapid changes led U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy to issue an advisory on the “epidemic of loneliness and isolation” in 2023.

Dr. Murthy remarked, “We’re seeing more forces that take us away from one another and fewer of the forces that used to bring us together.” Adjusting to this new social landscape is tough, especially for older Americans. It can be even more daunting without the built-in social opportunities found at work and school. Read the U.S. Surgeon General’s advisory on social connection at http://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/priorities/connection.

Part of the framework to address the loneliness epidemic calls for a strengthening of social infrastructure, which includes public libraries and senior centers. These types of physical community spaces, known as “third places,” are any social space separate from your home (first place) or work (second place).

Howard County Library System’s classes and events are a great way to connect and find a community. Here’s a sampling of some of our ongoing offerings:

If you love to read, try The Unbook Reading Group. Meeting monthly at Backwater Books in Old Ellicott City, it offers an opportunity for readers to connect and chat without the pressure of assigned reading.

Get crafty with a range of creative classes for adults at various HCLS branches. Connect and make a new craft in a supportive, friendly environment with Craft Works. Pins and Needles meets every Thursday, alternating between HCLS Central and Miller Branches. Converse with other adults
as you work on your knitting, crochet, embroidery, or sewing project.

Give Mah Jongg a try at HCLS Miller Branch. Mah Jongg Meet Up occurs twice a month, welcoming players of all experience levels. Looking to stay active? Start your Mondays off on the right foot Walking with East Columbia Branch and 50+ Center.

You can find and register for even more classes and events for adults at hclibrary.org. Enter the class name into the search bar.

  • Craft Works @ Central Branch | Dates and times vary between one Tuesday evening and one Thursday afternoon every month.
  • Walking with East Columbia & 50+ Center | Mondays; 9:30 – 10:30 am
  • Pins & Needles | Every Thursday; 10 am – 12 pm with 1st and 3rd Thursdays @ Central and 2nd and 4th & 5th Thursdays @ Miller
  • UnBook Reading Group @ Backwater Books | Wednesdays, 6:30 – 7:30 pm May 15, Jun 12
  • Mah Jongg Meetup @ Miller | 2nd and last Tuesday evenings; 6:30 – 8 pm
  • Bingo Social | Thu May 16 2 – 4 pm at Glenwood & Thu Jun 27 2 – 4 pm East Columbia

National Library Week: Right to Read Day

Ready, set, library! It’s National Library Week, and we encourage everyone to explore all the library has to offer. 

Libraries give us a green light to experience something truly special: a place to connect with others, learn new skills, and pursue our passions through book clubs, classes for children, activities for teens, author events, and more. At Howard County Library System, we also offer art, tools, a makerspace, and a wealth of online resources. 

No matter where you find yourself on the roadmap through life’s journey—preparing for a new career, launching a business, raising a family, or settling into retirement—we have the resources and support you need and an inclusive and supportive community where you will feel welcome. 

That includes making sure our collection has something for everyone. We have seen a national movement to censor library materials according to the standards of only a section of a community, and penalize or even criminalize the work of library staff. While the overwhelming majority of the public oppose censorship, organizations are working across the country and in Maryland to censor and ban books. That is why we are thrilled that the Freedom to Read Act passed the Maryland General Assembly and is now on its way to Governor Moore for his signature. This legislation reaffirms the constitutional principle that library materials, services, and resources exist and should be provided for the interest, information, and enlightenment of all persons.  

Maryland’s libraries have long been recognized as national leaders in developing successful, high-quality services and collections. The Freedom to Read Act provides a framework for how a library should serve, protects the unique quality of each library and its staff, and recognizes the professionalism of library staff. We thank our Howard County delegation for their support of this critical piece of legislation. 

So, no matter who you are, what you want to read, or what you want to do, get ready to explore, become inspired, and connect with others this National Library Week. We are there for you and with you, all the way to the finish line. 

Summer Reading is Fun that is Good For You

Booker, owl mascot in green sweater, with blocky colorful letters: Summer Reading Adventures

by Michael Martirano, Ed.D., Superintendent of Howard County Public School System

Dear Families,
I’m writing on behalf of many wonderful opportunities that will be occurring this summer with our A+ partner – the Howard County Library System (HCLS). I hope that all of our students will take advantage of the terrific – and free – educational opportunities included in the Howard County Library System Summer Reading program.

Summer Reading Helps Students Achieve
Reading is a critical part of a student’s journey and continuing to improve reading skills over the summer will help prevent the well-known “summer slide” in academic achievement. It’s also a time when students can choose books by authors or in genres they prefer. According to the Brookings Institution, numerous studies show that summer reading programs may also increase reading test scores.

Created in Partnership
HCLS staff consulted with our curricular department in the design of the elementary school game. It’s rich in literacy, touches on several subject areas, and encourages students to explore and deepen their interests. The game for middle and high school students rewards more flexible independent reading and library engagement and is suitable for students of those age groups.
Howard County Public School System (HCPSS) and HCLS staff collaborate on summer reading lists available at hcpss.org/academics/library-media, in library branches, and at hclibrary.org/summer. Library staff can provide additional suggestions that match anyone’s interests and reading level.

Summer Reading Matches Your Student’s Interests
Reading is not just good for you, it’s fun! HCLS Summer Reading participants are able to participate in free HCLS classes, which include STEAM, art, and more. With a wide range of books in different formats, and hundreds of free enriching classes over the summer, summer reading at the Library can match your student’s interests. There’s an adventure for everyone!

For the Whole Family
As the saying goes: “Children are great imitators. So give them something great to imitate.” Adults can participate in summer reading too, with a great reading journal you can pick up at the library. Read three books this summer and win a tote bag. May your whole family enjoy the adventure of reading all summer long!

Celebrating Success
We hope you finish the game and submit a finisher’s form. You can even opt to share your student’s success with their school. We look forward to congratulating them when they return in the fall!

Visit your local branch or hclibrary.org/summer to receive a gameboard.